Research Process and Terminology Essay Example for Free

Examination Process and Terminology Essay To be a certified specialist, they should know various phrasings and the procedure to get one. There are huge numbers of wordings that an analyst must know to do his/her activity. Some of them are the means in research, the Lucifer impact, educated assent, and shield laws. Knowing the best possible wordings and how they apply to the criminal equity field can help their exploration in the criminal equity field. Not realizing the best possible terms can make their examination invalid and produce mistaken data. It is best for specialists to make the best possible strides when they lead their examination. The means in research are issue detailing, research plan, information assortment techniques, examination and introductions of discoveries and ends. The difficult definition is the specific zone that will be examined. The examination configuration is a kind of test or investigations of the gathering over a period. The information assortments techniques are the selection of strategies that are going to utilized. The examination is the summing up and announcing of the discoveries. The last advance is the thing that the specialist accepts the examination needs to state (Hagen, 2010). The means in research as of now apply to the criminal equity field. For instance, California needs to realize what sort of guilty party goes all through jail the most. They would examine this throughout the following five to ten years and think of burglary guilty parties will in general come all through jail. Not realizing the correct wording can not just influence the outcomes time squandered on exploring the topic and taking the inaccurate method of getting things done. Understanding these terms will help with investigating exploration or information will assist a great deal since I would recognize what each progression the analysts did and how they reached their decision. I would not be lost in interpretation on what this implies or even get befuddled on why they accept their examination needs to state. As indicated by the book is a term begat by Zimbardo that alludes to the cha nge of a decent individual to connect with underhanded actions† (Hagen, 2010). Realizing what Lucifer impact is applies to the criminal equity field more with therapist than any other individual. At the point when they profile somebody, for instance, Ted Bundy, they needed to know this great individual out of nowhere turned underhandedness and began executing ladies. Analysts accept that Ted Bundy’s limit was the point at which his first love dumped him he dropped out of school moved back home. He later discovered that his supposed sister was his mom, and his folks were really hisâ grandparents; that is the place analyst think he snapped and began slaughtering. Bundy couldn't acknowledge the untruths and was executing his first love since all the victims’ take after her as it were. This is to a greater extent a Lucifer impact since it was not for the time being that Bundy began killing, it was all the more each falsehood and the more he got injured he started to change into a sequential executioner (Montaldo, n.d.). Not realizing the best possible phrasing can influence the manner in which an individual behaviors criminal equity research in light of the fact that not comprehending what this term totally means can make an off-base finding. In the event that a therapist accepted that that the criminal had the Lucifer impact and attem pted to bring down the sentence with the assistance of the resistance chamber, it can endanger the case. Since the Lucifer impact isn't perceived as a legitimate symptomatic. Understanding this term can be an advantage here and there, yet I don't think when leading an examination. Zimbardo needed to stop his test since it turned out to be excessively hazardous (Zimbardo, 2006). To contemplate Bundy’s’ and his activities and distribute them they required his families or his agree to distribute their discoveries. While investigating the supporters require an educated assent from the subjects, so they know about the expectations and studies that is being finished. An educated agree applies to the criminal equity field since while investigating, they need assent from any individual who takes an interest in the examination, so the members know what’s going on thus the specialists can distribute their discoveries without a member suing them. Not comprehending what the term means can influence me in research since I simply mention to the subjects what I am managing without getting their marks I can be sued of much more terrible lose my employment. Understanding this term can assist me with leading a protected examination where the subjects recognize what is happening and why I am doing the investigation. By having their marks saying that I can remember them for my exploration is an advantage since that is only one more thing that is going to either affirm or object my speculation. While doing the examination, specialist need to realize that what they find can be secured under shield laws. The book expresses that shield laws â€Å"constitute an administrative insusceptibility from indictment and the privilege to privacy for analysts in the event that they are subpoenaed† (Hagen, 2010). Shield laws apply to the criminal equity field since it secures respondents by guaranteeing that the information gave won't be utilized to attack their protection. Not knowing the full wording of shield law can influence my criminal equity research. For instance, on the off chance that I believe that everything in myâ research can be utilized against me I may forget about some data so it won't be utilized against me. Realizing this term can resource me when I am leading exploration since I realize that I can't be arraigned for my examination and regardless of whether the courts summoned me I was as yet shielded from surrendering my field information, and so on. All in all, knowing the correct significance of these wordings can assist analyst with directing a progressively capable examination. That can enable the criminal equity to field in more in more than one way. Knowing the correct procedure of these terms can enable the scientists to play out the best possible strides to do the exploration. To ensure that they all have the educated assents from the subjects and to realize that they are shielded from surrendering their information by the shield law. References Hagen, F. (2010). Exploration Methods in Criminal Justice and Criminology (eighth ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Zimbardo, P. (2006, January 1). The Lucifer Effect. Recovered August 21, 2014. Montaldo, C. (n.d.). Ted Bundy: Profile of a Serial Killer. Recovered August 21, 2014.

Digital Media Strategy and Implementation Essay

Computerized Media Strategy and Implementation - Essay Example Intel directly fabricates a scope of items including motherboard chipsets, incorporated circuits, arrange interface controllers, installed processors, realistic chips and a scope of other specialized gadgets. The administration methodology of the association is firmly connected to its authors Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore and the initiative of Andrew Grove. At first, the organization was just known to individuals in the innovation business. Anyway throughout the years, escalated promoting efforts have made Intel an easily recognized name over the world for the most part emerging from its Pentium processor. Intel by and by works as an open organization, a status it accomplished in 1971 in the wake of propelling an Initial Public Offering (IPO) (Gawer and Cusumano 44). Improvement At its arrangement, Intel was fundamentally worried about the creation of SRAM and DRAM memory chips which represented practically all the deals of the organization until 1981. Despite the fact that the organ ization imagined the microchip chip from the get-go in 1971, the significance and notoriety of this gadget had not been acknowledged since the PC business had not yet developed adequately. The achievement of the PC set off a time of much authoritative accomplishment for Intel because of the expanded interest for the microchips. Right now, Intel developed quickly as the prevailing microchip provider in the PC business. In any case, this development had its a lot of difficulties. Right now, a few significant associations, for example, Microsoft were coming up in this industry, and this made a great deal of battle for control of the heading of the business (Elliott 15). During the 1980s and 90s, Intel experienced times of uncommon development given that it had become the essential provider of microchips to IBM and other significant PC producers over the world. The Pentium brand turned into an easily recognized name, and this made a great deal of brand steadfastness for the association. Be that as it may, during the 2000s, the development of the organization started to back off. As of now, there was a decreased interest for top of the line chip. Intel’s contenders like AMD increased a great deal of piece of the overall industry. So as to address the company’s decreased deals, the then-CEO Craig Barrett started a procedure of broadening the product offering of the organization by taking part in the creation of other innovation gadgets. Be that as it may, it demonstrated hard for the organization to wander into such new fields since different players had just settled solid grounds (Metz). Achievement factors based on most achievement factors, Intel has without a doubt been fruitful. The organization is by and by positioned at position 49 among the fortune 500 organizations and this demonstrates a decent income position. In a world driven by development, the organization has conveyed forward the soul of the authors and keeps on starting to lead the pack in advancement over the business. The development was a consequence of the correct administration structures that have existed in the association since its arrangement. In this regard, Moore and Noyce put a lot of need on the individuals as a significant resource for the association. Transparency, duty and equity have become a driving variables and this significantly inspires the workers. Development at Intel isn't along these lines the right of the R&D office as in different associations. Or maybe, every worker has the ability to guarantee an improvement in their general vicinity tasks. This has seen the organization extend its product offering from microchip to different items like system cards, memory drives and motherboard chipsets.

Champagne, pistols, and my new UROP

Champagne, pistols, and my new UROP There are many legendary stories of perseverance in history.  Custers Last Stand.  The Battle of the Alamo.  That one time those buff Spartan dudes kicked lots of people into wells. And then theres this guy: As you may know, legend says there is always a light on in the Green Building.  Thats because those nocturnal diurnal  (whats the term for does not sleep? not-urnal?) creatures known as grad students never stop working.  And if there ever comes a time when there are no lights on in the Green Building then you know the worlds about to end. Yes, ladies and gentlemen, that means that one poor soul in the Green Building, tooling on in the face of a massive power outage, keeping that one light on, is the only person keeping this world in balance.  Hes kind of like the Avatar, except that being an MIT person he probably has some lame power like wifi-bending or something. (yes, we had a Korra-watching marathon over Thanksgiving and it was totally awesome.  Makorra all the way, btw.) Anyways! As you may or may not have noticed, Ive been absent from these blogs for the past few weeks, and thats because Ive been super busy.  One might even call this past week a Heck Week, if one were following the advice of one wholesome blogger alum.  Heres a quick rundown of what Ive been up to: UROP in Langer Lab   Ive been dying to tell you guys about this, but I only recently got all the applications done and didnt want to blog my chickens before they hatched. I GOT MY DREAM UROP! Its in Langer Lab, of the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.  My research group is working on a siRNA-based treatment of liver cancer and it has huge, huge potential.  In a nutshell: siRNA (short interfering RNA) is part of a natural gene-regulating mechanism called RNA interference, where siRNA is used to stop specific genes from being translated.  siRNA does this by binding to and destroying mRNA molecules before they can be translated into proteins. What if you could find siRNA that shut off the genes that cause cancer cells to go haywire?  Thats the exact idea behind this siRNA-based therapy.  Langer Lab has developed siRNA that can shut off 10 genes at once in the livers of mice, and theyve also developed nanoparticles to deliver the siRNA (although this is very much still an ongoing field of research). It’s really, really exciting. My specific role in the project is to work with my postdoc to find novel targets in liver cancer cells for the siRNA to attack.  The UROP involves all sorts of stuff I’m interested in wet lab, molecular biology, cell cultures, and computational biology (!). After taking Intro to Python this IAP, hopefully I’ll be able to apply it in some lab work. This is going to be awesome. Right now, though, Im still in training all Langer Lab training is quite comprehensive, and mine has to be even more so because Ill be working with lab rats and that involves extra animal protocols. Also, for those of you who dont know about Langer Lab its the largest biomedical engineering lab in the world, with around $10 million (!) in annual grants.  Professor Bob Langer is legendary hes the most cited engineer in history, winner of the Draper Prize (engineerings equivalent of the Nobel), and all-around nice guy (hes known for replying to emails under two minutes, whether its the President of the United States ora lowly UROP student).  The New York Times did a great profile of him a few days ago, and Langer Lab used some of its massive budget to throw a celebratory champagne party.  Which I was not invited to.  Sad face. Pistol At MIT, we do a lot of things differently.  PE is one of them.  You can forget running laps and all that lame stuff you did in high school (unless you like that stuff, in which case we have a track and field team).  MITs got a lot of awesome PE classes, from badminton to archery to sailing to fencing. Im taking pistol right now, and this is the most fun Ive had in PE ever.  Mike Conti, the instructor (hes the guy on the left, with the gray hearing protection), is superb hes former military and a former Massachusetts SWAT trainer.  Were shooting a .22 LR round, with the Ruger MkIII.  Our Top Gun competition is coming up this Tuesday, actually and I am in it to win it. Psets.  Lots of psets. Fun and games and pistols and siRNA aside yes, I still have to pset.  Only three weeks left before winter break, though! Speaking of which IAP I cannot wait for IAP.  For those who dont know, Independent Activities Period is a month-long vacation in January that MIT gives us, separate from winter break.  Some people choose to stay home, but most people take advantage of the awesome fun classes and activities going on.  For example, Ill be taking blacksmithing (just one step closer to my ultimate goal of making an Iron Man suit!), and also will be taking MITs Intro to Python class.  Theres also a lot of non-academic stuff going on chocolate truffle-making classes, wine tasting, coding competitions, robotics competitions, etc. As one upperclassmen described it to me IAP is basically all the awesomeness and passion of MIT, crammed into one month, without psets. For now, though adieu! [EDIT: HALLELUJAH THE LIGHTS JUST WENT BACK ON]

Entry Strategy in International Business - 1593 Words

9.0 Entry Strategy 9.1 Introduction Entry strategy is about the decision to enter which foreign market, when in what scale and regarding the choice of entry mode. In our case we have already decided to enter the UK market and offer our products to a selected niche initially. It is the case of entry mode we should address in this chapter. The various modes to enter foreign markets are vast. A few popular methods are, exporting, licensing or franchising to host country firms, establishing joint ventures, setting up wholly owned subsidiaries or acquiring an established enterprise Other key factors like transport cost, trade barriers, political risk, economic risk, business risk cost and firm’s strategy plays a key role in†¦show more content†¦|Trade barriers tariffs add to| | |country; little product adaptation |Speed of entry |costs. | | |required |Maximizes scale; uses existing |Transport costs | | |Distribution channels close to plants |facilities. |Limits access to local | | |High target country production costs | |information | | |Liberal import policies | |Company viewed as an outsider | | |High political risk | | | |Licensing |Import and investment barriers |Minimizes risk and investment. |Lack of control over useShow MoreRelatedEntry Strategy in International Business1602 Words   |  7 Pages9.0 Entry Strategy 9.1 Introduction Entry strategy is about the decision to enter which foreign market, when in what scale and regarding the choice of entry mode. In our case we have already decided to enter the UK market and offer our products to a selected niche initially. It is the case of entry mode we should address in this chapter. The various modes to enter foreign markets are vast. A few popular methods are, exporting, licensing or franchising to host country firms, establishing jointRead MoreInternational Business Strategy: Entry of the Asian Latin-American Firm in the European Manufacturing Sector3359 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿International Business Strategy: Asian Latin-American Firm Entry in Europe Manufacturing Sector Introduction The primary goal of this study is to examine the strategic goals of the Asian-Latin-American firm and it sentry into the European manufacturing sector and its goals in Research and Development and product development focused on becoming one of the top technological leaders in the industry. 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Making the move into foreign mar kets will increase the size of an organization, their profits, and the overall global economy. A company must determine trade barriers, the different risks associated with their entry, and developRead MoreStrategy And Structure Of International Business Essay1188 Words   |  5 PagesStrategy and Structure of International Business (Part 2), summary Firms expand on international level to increase their profitability. In order to maximize that profitability they must adapt their strategy to the structure and business environment. During this unity, I lean haw a firm can be organized and how it can choose the appropriate strategy according to its structure and environment. Also, I lean the different possibility of expansion which a firm can take and the advantages and risks of

A New Industrial Revolution in Society - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2281 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Industrial Revolution Essay Did you like this example? From prosthetics and biomechanics such as lifelike robots and moving artificial limbs, to new technologies such as special rockets that allow us to travel to mars, and to artificial intelligence which is completely changing the technology and medical industries, we are seeing a third industrial revolution that is advancing all of society. As the technology of society changes, the types of jobs that are available to people will change as well. This revolution will see a change from people working on the factory floor to the offices nearby, which will be full of designers, engineers, IT specialists, logistics experts, marketing staff, and other professionals because there will be no more need for workers since everything will be made by robots (The Third Industrial Revolution, 3). Since there is expected to be such a large shift in ideas, technology, and jobs within the next few years and decades, it is important to educate society on what to expect as we progress through this new industrial revolution. With many new technologies, ideas, and innovations today, we are seeing a new revolution where engineering will make a substantial and positive impact on society in the fields of biotechnology, robotics, materials, and space exploration. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A New Industrial Revolution in Society" essay for you Create order Biotechnology is the use of biological processes for purposes in the fields of biology, genetic manipulation, tissue reconstruction, and antibiotics. Biotechnology would not be as widespread as it is today without the use of biomaterials. A biomaterial is a substance or combination of biologically inert substances that are used for implantation or integration in a living organism in order to improve or replace specific tissue or organ functions (Grosu-Bularda 422). Before this new technology, human organ and tissue transplantation was the standard, but there is now a limitation with donors, risk of rejection, and risk of infection. The use of biomaterials allows engineers and doctors to use materials that work properly with that specific persons body, allowing them to use the tissue, or other organ to its full potential. Biomaterials and artificial organs allow doctors to help the patient with a known obvious issue. However, if the issue is something that needs careful think, there is a likelihood that the doctor can diagnose the patient in a wrong way. According to the US Institute of Medicine, approximately one in 10 medical diagnoses is wrong and that in primary care, one in 20 patients will get a wrong diagnosis [this will] contribute to as many as 80,000 unnecessary deaths each year in the US alone (Sukel). Humans are not perfect and therefore doctors cannot make perfect medical diagnoses every single time. That is why artificial intelligence has become so important in the field of medicine. The computer is not only taught a vast amount of information, but it is also able learn new information as time progresses. For example, when [engineers] trained a deep-learning neural network using more than 100,000 images of skin problems, ranging from cancer to insect bites, then tested it on 14,000 new images, the system correctly diagnosed melanomas more often than seasoned dermatologists (Sukel). There have also been instances where computers have been able to outperform doctors when diagnosing diabetes, cancer, heart attacks, and general health. As technology becomes more powerful every day, artificial intelligence will be able to process large amounts of data at very high speeds, model complex relationships between different variables, and update themselves to stay consistent with the data. Robotics is technology used in designing machines that are capable of carrying out complex series of actions, some resembling humans by replicating general movements and functions. Marc Raibert, CEO of Boston Dynamics, an engineering company that creates highly advanced robots, believes that robotics will make a much bigger impact than the internet did. Raibert says, The Internet lets every person reach out and touch all the information in the world. But robotics lets you reach out and touch and manipulate all the stuff in the world and so it is not just restricted to information, it is everything (Galeon). Since robots are becoming very human-like, this can be seen as a good thing and a bad thing. These robots can help us with many daily activities and can do many things that humans might not be able to do. These robots are becoming more mobile, agile, skillful, and greater autonomous perception. However, there might come a time when these robots will take all of our jobs, or one day even rule over all of humanity. Another technology where robotics is important is in prosthetics. A prosthesis is an artificial device that takes the place of a missing body part. They are used to restore the normal functions of a body part that could have been lost due to trauma, disease, or congenital conditions. The origin of prosthetics is said to have been around 16th-century France. In more recent times, new lightweight materials and better mechanical joints were introduced to allow people to walk, run, jump, or climb again. Whether they were injured during war or were born with a defect, prosthetics have been able to impact all kinds of people, big and small. This new generation of prosthetics and robotics have included more movable joints, electrical signals connected to brain that allow user to move on their own, and other essentials that help each specific person with their daily activities. There are so many materials in todays society that affect the way we live and invent. In the past, things were made from screwing or welding two things together. However, in todays world, a product can be created on a computer and printed as a three-dimensional figure by building up layers of material to make it stronger and lighter. If you make a mistake, you are able to fix it immediately on the computer, where with real materials, you would need to start all over if you made a mistake. Products that are three-dimensionally printed are being used in many different applications. From organs and biomaterials, to hearing aids and prosthetics, and advanced parts for airplanes and vehicles. These new materials have become much stronger, lighter, and more durable than many materials used in the past. For example, carbon fiber has been used to replace high quality metals such as aluminum and steel in many automobiles, race cars, and airplanes. Some of these special materials can give different products very specific features, such as bandages that help heal cuts, engines that run more efficiently and crockery that cleans more easily (The Third Industrial Revolution). Along with 3D printing came the idea of 3D bioprinting. This concept is extremely similar to the conventional 3D printer, but it has the capability of producing biological products. Reconstructive surgery can be used for many surgical reasons. A new organ, such as an artificial bladder, heart valve, pacemaker, joint, skin, tissue, or bone, might be required by a patient. With prosthetics and bioengineering, engineers have been able to transform peoples lives by allowing them to live the life they used to have. The efficiency and reliability of product creation is becoming more advanced every day. The methods for mass production of items and materials are becoming more flexible, automated, and energy efficient due to many different methods of engineering. This new automation closes the disconnect between the design and manufacturing of a product, and mass customization allows for innovated and better- made products. Ever since the start of humanity, we have always been curious about where we came from and why Earth is such a special place. Since 1958, The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been focused on understanding Earth, the Solar System, the Big Bang, and other topics including astrophysics and climate change. The next few years will be very important for agencies like NASA and companies like SpaceX that plan on sending robots to Mars. These robots will look for signs of bacteria, indicating that life is present on Mars, and therefore increasing the likelihood of humanity moving to Mars. NASA also plans on sending humans to Mars, the furthest human exploration in space in history. These astronauts will begin testing the many technologies and systems that are needed for living on mars as well as missions to other destinations in space. The International Space Station, a research laboratory in low-Earth orbit, creates a one of kind location for scientific advancements, testing of new technologies, and research in the fields of biology, chemistry, and physics. NASA is also, helping transform aviation by developing advanced technologies for revolutionary aircraft shapes and propulsion, and for the airspace in which they fly, which dramatically improve efficiency, reduce noise and maintain safety in more crowded skies (Dunbar). They are planning to continue creating technologies such as solar electric propulsion, deep space navigation, new green propellants, and in-space manufacturing and assembly (Dunbar). This new technology will help advance the idea that NASA has of reach deep space destination in the future. With all of these new technologies and innovations in this third industrial revolution, we expect to see a dramatic change in jobs and the work force. It has been estimated that, about 65% of children entering primary schools today will likely work in roles that dont currently exist (Dunne 1). There will be a decline in office, manufacturing, and production roles, and an increase in business, financial operation, and computer and mathematical function roles (Dunne 2). However, why are we seeing such a sudden change in jobs? Just like the two previous industrial revolutions in the 16th century and the 20th century, there was a large disruption in the amount of jobs available for specific fields. For example, when the Model T car was created, there was a decline in farriers, or people that trim horses hooves. This is due to the fact that less people were riding horses, and more were buying cars. The future will most likely consist of factories completely filled with robots. Therefore, humans will need to take jobs in offices that will most likely be full of designers, engineers, IT specialists, logistics experts, marketing staff and other professionals to help create and look over the robots (?The Third Industrial Revolution). This third revolution will also affect where many of these products and technologies will be made and produced. Many companies are moving back to their own countries instead of staying in poor countries because they feel like it is more important that they are closer to their customers. It is believed that, in areas such as transport, computers, fabricated metals and machinery, 10-30% of the goods that America now imports from China could be made at home by 2020, boosting American output by $20 billion-55 billion a year (The Third Industrial Revolution). With the work force of society changing from office, manufacturing, and production, to business, science, and engineering, it is important to properly educate the people that will be going into these fields. The most important skills these people must have are how to work in teams, how to create quickly designs, how to reliably manufacture products, and how to use creativity and engineering together. In order to keep improving the technology of the future, the American workforce must have the ability to invent, design, and create new products, devices, systems and services in order to compete on a global level and to provide the spark of innovation to seed new industries and economic growth (Coates). The adults and more sophisticated members of society must ensure that the current and future generations have all the skills to succeed and are not left behind in this new technology and innovation race. Engineering, science, and technology, through its role of creativity and intelligence, has made a large impact in the improvement of the well-being and health of humans. The engineers of the future must have solid foundation in the basics of math and science. It is also important to emphasize creative and design which will allow these generations to effectively lead in the development and innovation of technologies to prevent the problems of the future. There needs to be a push in engineering professions that will, rapidly embrace the potentialities offered by creativity, invention, and cross-disciplinary fertilization to create and accommodate new fields of endeavor, including those that require openness to interdisciplinary efforts with non-engineering disciplines such as science, social science, and business (Coates). Engineering educators as well as engineers themselves need to take a large effort to address the technological and societal challenges of the future. Throughout history, there have been many great things that have come out of new ideas, technologies, and innovations. However, there have also some negative results such as pollution, global warming, depletion of scarce resources, and catastrophic failures of poorly designed engineering systems are examples. However, overall, engineers and their creations have impacted society and have reshaped the way that we live today. Through biotechnology, robotics, materials, and space exploration, we are seeing a new uprising in the field of engineering. New products, ideas, innovations, and technologies are allowing humanity to advance into the future where daily activities will be safer, easier, and quicker. These new technologies will help keep humans health and will also allow us to find out about how the Earth works and what its history is like. The next few years and decades will allow the field engineering to have opportunity to strengthen its role in society and to define an engineering career as, one of the most influential and valuable in society and one that is attractive for the best and the brightest (National Academy of Engineering). If future generations take this opportunity, it is important to show that the roles of engineers and engineering will help establish a new vision of the future that creates a society that continually succeeding in creating new technology, innovations, and ideas.

Health and fitness Free Essays

Health and fitness, in general seem quite similar but they are not so. They are two different words symbolizing two different meanings. Health is the state of being free from illness or injury whereas fitness is considered a measure of the bodys ability to function efficiently and effectively in work and leisure activities, to resist diseases, and to meet emergency situations. We will write a custom essay sample on Health and fitness or any similar topic only for you Order Now From a young age it is preached that being healthy and fit are critical to having a strong long life, however the amount of people that have the will power to take action in these parts of their lives are getting smaller and smaller, especially in this generation. It’s important that everyone, but especially teenagers, be acquainted with the advantages of a healthy life, and also acknowledge the ramifications of ignoring this cardinal part of life. Being active offers benefits beyond an improved physique and a healthy body. Health and fitness are crucial aspects of someone’s lifestyle and has the power to alter a person’s life in substantial ways. Healthy eating, the benefits of being active, and consequences of a corrupting lifestyle are all things to keep in mind as one makes decisions and goes through life. Many people have the ability to eat whatever they want and not gain a pound, owever what these people may not grasp is that all the bad food they are ingesting will catch up with them in later years of life, and may be setting them up for many health problems down the road. It’s important to have a variety of different foods so your body has a healthy balanced diet. There are over forty nutrients that are essential to our life, and we need these nutrients because our bodies cannot produce them in large enough amounts for optimal health. Benefits of healthy eating, healthandliving. com) Different foods contain different nutrients, which is why it is imperative that we have this combination, and avoid overconsumption. Maintaining a healthy diet not only offers your body the energy and nutrition it needs to function but also offers many health benefits that can help one live longer and have a better life. Healthy eating helps to maintain a healthy body weight, makes one feel bett er about themselves, creates a stronger immune system, helps to sleep and feel more rested and gives mental alertness. Benefits From eating healthy, livestrong. com) Eating fruits and vegetables may reduce risks for a stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases and protects the body against certain types of cancer such as mouth cancer, and stomach cancer. Eating grains help with weight management, and reduce the risk of coronary artery disease. Grains also have large amounts of dietary fiber which helps to reduce blood cholesterol levels, and lowers your risk of heart disease. Each vitamin benefits your body in some way, for example potassium helps retain a healthy blood pressure, vitamin A keeps the skin and eyes healthy and protects against infections, and vitamin C helps heal cuts and wounds, and keeps the teeth and gums healthy. (Benefits of Healthy Diet, healthyforms. com) Eating healthy is something people need to consciously think about, because it does not come aturally. Sustaining a healthy diet is an essential part of leading a longer more vibrant life. (The 5 Key Benefits of eating healthy, ezinearticles. om) Sustaining a healthy diet is not the only thing to keep in mind, being physically active is equally important. Being active may not always be fun, but the benefits will be worth it in the long run. Being active not only improves health and fitness but it also improves posture and balance, boosts the mood, helps one sleep, makes one stronger, reduces stress and controls the risk of heart disease, such as diabetes. It also protects people rom a stroke, some types of cancer, lowers blood pressure and reduces anxiety and depression. (Benefits of Being Active, health. a) Studies have shown that child obesity is rapidly growing and will continue to grow if our generation does not take action of their health, which is why being active along with being healthy are both critical roles in not only developing as a person, but growing up healthy and happy. As mentioned earlier, child obesity rates are rising at a rapid pace. This is due to the fact that unhealthy foods cost significantly less than healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables. Right now 29% of adolescents are overweight, and this percent is growing by the day. Obesity as young kids and the food eating habits that they get into, carry into their adult life, leading to adult obesity. Currently, 59% of adult Canadians are either overweight or obese, and New Brunswick is one of the cities significantly higher in the overweight/obese population. (Statistics, childhoodobesityfoundation. ca) Not only do people get into bad eating habits that lead to obesity, but they also do not make time for exercise in there busy schedules, which only enhances the unhealthy lifestyle. Being overweight can lead to ardiovascular disease such as a higher blood pressure, more likely to develop diabetes, and are at a greater risk for bone and Joint problems because the body carrying more weight than it is equipped for. Sleep apnea, social and psychological problems, and a low self esteem are also causes of an unhealthy diet. Dental problems are another thing that comes with unhealthy eating. Eating too much candy, or foods with lots of sugar and not enough other nutrients can lead to tooth decay and cavities. Another thing that many people are not aware of is the mood swings that come from unhealthy eating. Diets that do not include enough vitamins nd minerals can lead to people suffering severe mood swings. The body may become overly energetic and easily excitable only to crash later. In addition, a lack of vitamin B can lead to the hormone levels in the brain to be unbalanced, which can induce depression. (What are the Consequences of not Eating Healthy, ehow. com) Not being active can have many negative effects on the body. For example muscle atrophy is a cause of a lack of exercise. Muscle atrophy is a medical term that describes the process of your muscles breaking down or wasting away because they are not being exercised to their full capacity. Not only do you lose muscle but you gain fatty tissue and slow down your metabolism, resulting in more weight gain. Lack of exercise can also lead to increased levels of visceral fat, which is a fat that gets trapped inside your abdomen and is toxic because it causes heart disease and gallbladder problems, it also secrets dangerous hormones that can lead to the development of breast cancer. Cardiac decline is when the heart does not get enough exercise, and the heart, which is a muscle, isn’t being exercise and so it rapidly declines in its cardiovascular fitness. The heart will not waste away like an rm or leg, however fat will begin to attack it which can lead to the development of heart disease. In 2006, approximately 2. 4 million Americans died from heart disease. (The Effects of Lack of Exercise on the Body, livestrong. com) The effects that unhealthy eating and a lack of exercise has on your body can be life changing and detrimental. This is why it is so important to nave a balance between the two so you can avoid all the consequences of an unhealthy lifestyle. It’s very important to keep these things in mind as you grow older, and make time for healthy meals and exercise. Balance it key. To have a healthy life one must have a balance between eating healthy, and exercising, however treating oneself ever once in awhile is not a sin. Everything needs to be done in moderation. How to cite Health and fitness, Papers

Poets Use of Mockery As Diction in Poem Essay Example For Students

Poets Use of Mockery As Diction in Poem Essay Poets Use of Mockery As Diction in PoemTom DinkelThe poets use of mockery as diction conveys his disillusioned attitudetoward the men that plan the battles without actually fighting in them. Usingthe words If I were fierce, and bald, and short of breath, to describe themajors allows the reader to picture the majors as old, fat, out of shape menthat spend their days guzzling and gulping in the best hotel safe from anydanger. Fierce, bald and short of breath give the reader a negative feel forthe majors as they are not described in any positive manner. These terms causethe reader to feel disgust for the majors. The poets use of the words guzzlingand gulping with their alliterative effect cause the reader to consider themajors as gluttons gathered at the table. When the reader completes his mentalpicture of the majors in the best hotel, the imagery of glory hogs is complete. The poets diction choice,Reading the Roll of Honor. Poor young chap, Id say I used toknow his father well; Yes, weve lost heavily in this last scrap. of casuallanguage attempts to make the war seem carefree and nonchalant. The word chapconveys an casual attitude towards the heroes as people. It seems to elevatethe status of the majors to a false superior position. Scrap makes it seems asif the soldiers death occurred on a playground, not a battlefield. It seems totrivialize war in general. And when the war is done and the youth stone dead,Id toddle safely home and die in bed.The poets last lines give the reader an insight into the true wishes of thesoldier. The youth stone dead allow the reader to acknowledge the finality ofdeath and the wasted lives of the young soldiers while the old, fat men areallowed the luxury of living to old age and then dying in their own beds. Toddle is a word that not only describes the gait of the fat, old men but alsothe irony of the youth stone dead and the fat, old men waddling home. Throughhis use of mocking diction, the poet conveys his disgusted attitude towards thetoddling old men dying in their beds while the good die young. Philosophy

Xyz Construction, Inc free essay sample

modeling software can be used to more accurately model and detail construction projects. A 3 D model defines and communicates the architect’s design vision to the various stakeholders and is a unique digital document that can be used for all phases of design, procurement, construction, and operation. A major benefit of using 3 D digital representations of projects is the ability to communicate graphical project information to all. A 3 D model can be used for design, analys s, and fabrication, and can help detect conflicts, interferences, and incompatibilities at an early stage, achieve improved tolerances and quality, and reduce change orders and rework. They serve all stakeholders involved throughout the life of a project and facilitate cooperation among them. Use of 4 D Models – The 4 D computer modeling process integrates 3 D modeling with time. The 4 D software generates a sequence of configurations of the project representing its status through time, as determined rom the schedule and the 3 D model, thus creating an animation of the construction process. We will write a custom essay sample on Xyz Construction, Inc or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 4 D modeling allows communicating actual construction sequences and can help detect constructability problems, interferences among trades or subcontractors, and in terference between moving equipment and on going activities. Anticipating and addressing such problems contributes to safety on the construction site, and enhances coordination among subcontractors and between the owners operations and construction. W eb based Project Management Systems – Web based project management systems use project collaboration software to provide access for all parties (design consultants, contractors, subcontractors, managers, and others) on a large construction project to a sec ure, project specific website or collaboration space in order to conduct all daily project management and administrative activities. The main benefits of such systems are increased productivity, reduced cycle time, and elimination of multiple iterations o the work process for project management, RFI processing, and invoice submittal, processing, and payment operations by allowing the members of a geographically distributed group to interact as if they were co located. The use of web based communications p rovides immediate access to accurate and complete project status. Aesthetics – Aesthetic enhancement of projects increases their attractiveness and desirability, can serve to establish the identity of a district or city, and represent a statement of its s pirit. Furthermore, much of the aesthetics features of most projects can be enjoyed by the general public, and aesthetics thus contributes to the quality of life. Marketing and Communications – The success of many projects depends on funding and public s upport, which in turn often depends on how communication with the public, elected officials, decision makers, and the media is handled. Successful communication techniques stress the need for establishing and maintaining credibility, communicating the val ue of the project, ensuring that media overage is more help than hindrance, avoiding mission expansion, and building a sense of pride and ownership. Early Contractor Involvement – A contractor brought on the project team early in the process can assist i n suggesting and evaluating design, finish, and construction process alternatives, and in reviewing the design for constructability and completeness. The project also benefits from the contractor’s knowledge of current and projected market and pricing cond tions, including labor, material, and equipment availability. vi Innovation, Risk, and Reward – For the risk of introducing an innovation to be taken, it is necessary that a potential reward, of sufficient value, exist. Process Flexibility and Opportunity for Innovation – For innovation to be considered, it is necessary that the contracting and procurement rules provide sufficient flexibility. Ownership of Process – Roles and Responsibilities – With alternative project delivery systems s

Global Economic Crisis

Global Economic Crisis The global crisis team members include; Christine LaGarde, Warren Buffet, Colin Powell. These are people from various parts of the world who play major roles in the world economy. For example, Colin Powell is an American politician who has experience in military leadership.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Economic Crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Having led the American army for many years, he has the required experience to advise the president on global economic crisis. In fact, Colin can contribute to solutions since he might have experienced most situations during his term in the army (Shiller, 2008). This means that he might have learnt about economic hardships while serving outside America hence remaining the best equipped with economic information in the team. Inclusion of Powell in the team is extremely crucial because based on his background he might explain some of the implications of global e conomic crisis to the military. In fact, this is vital because the team will have to look at the impacts of global economic crisis to national and international security. The military needs to be supplied with the necessary equipment in order to carry out their mandate effectively. In addition, as the government advisor on security matters, Powell can give pertinent information to the team regarding effects of the economy to security. Christine LaGarde is a lawyer by profession and the managing director of the International Monetary Fund. She was considered to be a team member due to her long service to the French government in various ministries. The fact that she is currently managing the International Monetary Fund makes her the source of the latest information regarding what is happening in the globe in terms of economies. This means that she has the insights of every development in the world since she heads the institution that helps states in the world to facilitate their proj ects (Savona, Kirton and Oldani, 2011). She was included in the team because of her experience in several government institutions.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Having been a minister in several ministries; Christine can help the team with information regarding impacts of global economic crisis to various governmental institutions. In fact, having her in the team will lead to an inclusive report that highlights on finances both within and outside the national boundaries. She can be of help since she manages the institution that lends money to countries badly hit by the economic crisis in the world. This can guide the president on the possible states he can consider assisting. This means that the team will help the government in coming up with a strategy that can help various states to cope with global economic crisis. Warren Buffett is an American investor, and c an help the team a lot in matters that affect the world economically (Brown, 2010). Since he has been in the business world for long, Warren stands a better chance of helping the team with first-hand information regarding global economic crisis. As an investor, Warren must have experienced various economic conditions and situations in the globe and their implications to businesses and other forms of investments. In fact, he will represent investors in the team hence helping the team in winning the credibility of its audience. This is because sectors involved in the economy of any state will be represented hence leading to development of an inclusive report on the global crisis. Inclusion of Warren in the team is particularly valuable because he has been in the business for extraordinarily long. This means that he has experienced economic crisis in the world hence putting him at a position of giving a lot of information. In fact, he can narrate to the team on his experiences with the economic crisis. This information can be crucial for the government in the future prevention of crisis. If negligence from part of the government caused a crisis in the world, then they should be careful in the future to avoid repeating the same mistakes. These three members can play vital roles in turning the global economy because they have the mandate of causing changes in the economy. For example, Colin Powell can ensure that all security measures taken by the government is for the good of everyone in the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Economic Crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that the American government should not use its security powers for selfish gains but for the sake of the world. Christine can use her office in a manner to ensure that only the needy states get necessary assistance. She should come up with monetary policies aimed at ensuring that global economic crisis is contained (Taylor and Weerapana, 2009). Finally, Warren can play a role by ensuring that he fights for other investors. This means that the government should come up with investment policies that protect and empowers investors. This will encourage investments and eventually help in curbing global economic crisis. Team members are experienced personnel hence having the ability to tackle the issue properly. Secondly, all represents various sectors of the economy hence covering the entire departments run by the governments in the world. However, some members lack exposure. For example, Colin has inadequate exposure to the world since he worked for the American army. Therefore, his advice might be limited to America only hence ending up unable to advice on international economies. References Brown, C. B. (2010). Colin Powell critical of President Obama, Politico. Web. Savona, P., Kirton, J. J. Oldani, C. (2011). Global Financial Crisis: Global Impact and Solutions. New York: Ashgate P ublishing, Ltd. Shiller, R. J. (2008).The subprime solution: how todays global financial crisis happened, and what to do about it. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Taylor, J. B. Weerapana, A. (2009). Principles of Economics: Global Financial Crisis Edition. Belmont: Cengage Learning.

Del inc Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Del inc - Research Paper Example Conclusion 8 12. References 9 Graph 1 1 table 1 6 1.1 Introduction Dell Inc. is a United States based multinational firm that manufactures and develops computers and its associated products and services. It is the fastest growing computer companies in the world. Its growth strategy includes both acquisitions and increases its customers. Its most prominent mergers have been with Alienware and Perot Systems. Dell is known for its supply chain management and online sales where it focused on â€Å"configure to order† strategy where every product was customized (Fuller, 2012). It initially worked but as the demand became global the strategy was just too hard to keep up. Customers became smarter and wanted to use the products before buying which weakened Dell’s online selling strategy (Eden, 2012). Graph 1. Dell’s market share in U.S. and Worldwide (in Q1 2009) compared to other top PC makers http://www.casestudyinc.com/dell-supply-chain-case-study According to Atikan (2012), from 1997-2004 was an era of growth for the firm where the firm got a number one position for customer services and reliance. In 2002 the firm expanded its product portfolio to include televisions and printers etc. it also acquired Converge Net Technologies. In 2004, with the change in management, Dell’s ties with Microsoft and Intel deteriorated and in 2005 Dell lost 25% of its shares. With the market now stretching across the globe, Dell could not maintain its customer services nor manufacture customized products. Moreover, the prices per product production reduced cutting down on Dell’s profits. Adding to it Dell spent less on its R&D, which retarded its future growth prospects. The firm undertook many acquisitions as an attempt to rise again with its latest acquisition in September 2012 of Quest Software. Today it has gained strength by transforming into an IT solution provider and is successful in the Virtual Era (Fuller, 2012). 2 Application of OM in Dell ’s workplace Operational management is primarily how Dell manages its quality, supply chain, maintenance, global locations and human resources. 2.1 Quality Dell was always known for its quality products however, as the market expanded globally, the firm had increasing difficulty to produce customised products and thus quality also suffered leading to complaining customers and a slow customer care. Every market has a different requirement and to cater to that it became difficult for the firm. This was also adding to the cost where Dells products were marked higher than the market price (Chen and Press, 2012). 2.2 Supply chain at Dell The firm has stringent legal frames that it follows and ensures that its suppliers follow that too. Maintaining that has enabled Dell to reached the global markets as the quality is maintained and at the same time the suppliers realise the standards they need to maintain if they intend to work with Dell. 2.3 Maintenance management Dell trains and develops its employees continuously and has highly skilled employees because the products are customised and thus require specific skills to follow this strategy. As per Atikan (2012), Dell aims to converge its technology that will simplify operation and make performance better simultaneously reducing operational costs. Dell claims to have a holistic approach that helps its customers with managing their virtual and physical IT needs thereby achieving their objectives. 2.4 Global management Dell’

Summry of any book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summry of any book - Essay Example The reaping is a disillusioned period as it determines which boy and girl aged between 12 and 18 gets to serve the district’s tribute during the Hunger Games. The tributes are individuals who come from all of the 12 districts and they face each other in an arena where they must fight until there is only one remaining tribute. The victor ultimately receives a valued gift and in this context, it is food. A shocking turn of events turns up when Prim is the choice at the reaping. However, Katniss volunteers to take up her place as she is too young and she made a vow to protect her family at all costs. Another baffle comes in when a young boy, Peeta Mellark comes into the view of the reader as the other tribute. Katniss recalls that he had saved her by giving her bread and she felt obliged as she now owed him her life and in contrast she was contemplating killing him in the games. Katniss bids her family and friends goodbye and sets out on the train where they experience luxuries b eyond their wildest imagination. The novel ends with the two characters from District 12 going home as celebrated heroes. She knows that she pretended to love Peeta and this saved her from dying although her mind was instantly fixated on Gale. She is at a junction with her feelings as she is not certain who she truly loves, but must abide to the rules least Capitol take a large punishment on her for lying (Suzanne

Impact of Human Expansion on Wetland Areas

Impact of Human Expansion on Wetland Areas Human exploitation damaged a lot of wetland areas. Expansion of settlements and agricultural lands affets wetland directly and spoils the natural form of particular wetlands. Bhindawas and Tal Chhapar also faces some challenges and altered by man with some natural degardational factors. The impacts of various factors are described here. Loss of Habitat: Dense forest is scarce in Tal Chhapar and Bhindawas wetland areas. Most of avifauna and wildlife needs dense forest as their habitat to secure food and shelter in these wetland areas. Dense forest provides safe habitation for Blackbucks and Nilgai’s to hide themselves from predators. Blackbucks migrates in the Tal Chhapar wetland, in the day time for their feeding and during night to save themselves from foxes and other predators, mainly stray dogs who enters the sanctuary after chasing calves, older and other ill Blackbucks in the sanctuary. These animals migrate to eastern parts of the Tal Chhapar which is covered with dense woody vegetation than the western part of the wetland but these animals’ moves towards western parts of the sanctuary or outside the sanctuary for their food as the core of the wetland is covered with sewan and other nutritious grasses. Fencing around the sanctuary protect these animals but these animals face difficult to find an entry after sunse t and they falls prey to stray dogs outside the wetland area of some times killed by vehicular movement on the road which passes through the Tal Chhapar as well as its boundary also encroached by road made by Public Works Department of Rajasthan. In the western side the wildlife faces heavy dumpers and loaded trucks while central encompassing road dominated by buses, trucks and other fast moving vehicles while the eastern side road is followed by jeeps, motorcycles with blowing pressure horns. Eradication of Juliflora plant in the western side also pose a threat to Blackbucks as they move outside the sanctuary area and forget the path after sunset. These animals chase by stray dogs from Surwas and Chadwas villages outside the wetland area. They cannot enter the sanctuary area due to fencing and dig walls around the Tal and constructed wall in the northern side of the wetland. Wild Boer also face the similar situation, these animals feels safe in grassy area but they cannot stay at a safe point as Blackbuck moves freely in this area. Wild Boer avoids thick woody area as they make their habitat in the tall grassland in the core area. Spiny tailed lizards live in the open patches of the eastern side area of wetland close to Devani village. Spiny tailed lizards also eaten by Monitor lizards and Cobra snakes. Reptiles are killed by vehicular movement as they move mainly during night towards eastern side for their food. Spiny tailed lizard’s falls prey to foxes also due to open patches in the eastern side of the wetland. Many migratory birds come here during winter for their breeding season. This avifauna resides in colonies mainly in the extremes of western side or open forest area outside the sanctuary area. The wild animals exhibit phenomenon of local migration within the sanctuary and to neighboring areas. The migration is mostly for water, but some times animals migrate for food also. During summer the wildlife migrates and confine near the water holes. The carnivores migrate out.,side / the sanctuary area, during night. Few migratory birds also visit the area and leave it again in late February. Migration of exotic fauna is regular phenomena in the sanctuary. Most of bird and animal species always like dense forest for their habitat for much availability of food and safety point of view. Due to lack of dense forest there is very less plant and animal species founding the sanctuary. 1. Various type of habitat There are basically four types of the habitat in the sanctuary. On the basis of topographical considerations and it has been classified as under (a) Soil habitat (b) Grassland habitat (c) Aquatic habitat (d) Rocky habitat (e) Other habitat (a)Soil Habitat Bhindawas wetland is part of Indo- gangetic plain under South- West Haryana Sandy areas in Jhajjar district of Haryana. Soil habitat lies on outer side of main lake boundary where water could not reach even in the monsson season. Soil habitat area is an open space, used by Nilgai, Chinkaras, reptiles, small insects, rats and other creatures who lives beneath the soil cover. Tal Chhapar sanctuary falls in Indian thar desert where wind erosion is common feature, like other deserts, high velocity of wind shift the sand dunes. The sand dunes are also found in and around the sanctuary. A long range of dunes having near southern periphery of the sanctuary. The sandy habitat is liked by chinkara, Reptiles, lizards, Rodents and many beetles of desert. (b) Grassland habitat Unlike other desert of the world, Indian Thar Desert bears comparatively high density of flora and fauna. Grasses like Sevan, Dhaman, dhob, mothia etc. are found on plane area of the sanctuary. The Grassy habitat is suitable for black buck the black buck takes grasses like Lana, luni and lender shoots of ber, ker etc. The habitat also helps wildlife by providing them food, shelter and place for reproduction. Saline soils of Tal Chhapar area reduce chances of the development of trees and sewan grasses but places having fresh sand deposition are occupied by grass species. The patches with high salinity remain barren. Plant of prosopis julie flora are gradually coming of the saline and gravel soil, if Julie flora plant are not controlled properly then the whole area may be occupied gradually by these plants, which will make the habitat unsuitable for other species to-grow there. Grassland habitat in Bhindawas wetland dominated by small creatures only. These are actually water fens and weeds which prohibits other wildllives to make their shelter. Rodents, ants and other beetles survive in these areas. (c) Aquatic habitat Bhindawas wetland is typical aquatic habitat for many water birds and water snakes, fishes, tortoise etc. Main lake provides a strong and safe habitat for all aquatic life. Large water bodies are perfered by fishes and water snakes. It protect these creatures from heat and dust at the time of â€Å"Loo† and from illegal hunters too. Water maintains an optimum water temperature which is crucial for aquatic life. In and around the sanctuary have many small nadies and salt mines. The saline water remains in these nadies for a longer time. These scattered salt lakes form aquatic habitat, which attracts many species of animals and birds. Presently there are four Talabs and two Talabs are located in the sanctuary and another two are located in the periphery of the sanctuary. The degree of water salinity varies from water hole to water hole. Out of these four water holes, the Nadi situated on the junction of Bikaner-Chhapar and Chhapar-Sujangarh roads, is having comparatively less domestic animal of surrounding villages. As mentioned earlier the Tal Chhapar sanctuary is located in a depressed zone with a poor drainage system. Due to bad drainage pattern water gets accumulated, in the depression and that water lasts for a considerable long period. Among common aquatic fauna found in and around these lake are cattle Ergot, small ergot, Pond heron, black winged stilt, King fisher, common crane etc. (d)Rocky habitat `There is no rocky habitat in Bhindawas wetland. It is a plain saucer shaped depression filled with water and dominated by weeds and tress. Gravels exposed rocks; small hillocks and magra land are found in the western desert. The hillocks with low height are three i.e. towards gopalpur Chadwas villages. This habitat with inter spread grassy patches is suitable for hares, partridges and carnivorous species like fox, jackal etc. (e)Other habitat Tal Chhapar sanctuary is a species specific habitat for some mammals. The santuary is a home for the black buck. Well stocked population of black buck, in a compacted area of 719 hectare, shows that the habitat is suitable for this species. Though other wild animals are also found in the area but their population is still very less and the population trend is not towards increase. Open patches in water bodies are prefect place for basking in the winter season and are used by avifauna for breeding, mainly migratory birds in Bhindawas wetland. Habitat Change: There is consensus among intellegentia and even local pepole in considering habitat change and fragmentation of habitat as one of the major threatening factor for wildlife, bird and reptiles at the global scale. Habitat change causes by expansion of exotic species in water and over the land in Bhindawas. Polluted water of drain no. 8 mixes with wetland water affects fish species too. Toxicity of water from drain no. 8 kills fishes near outlet of wetland, ultimately forest department does not forward fishing activity near the drain. Expansion of water hyacinth and othe exotic weeds forbid birds to sit on open patches of land. Sedimentation by canal water reduces open areas which are uses by birds as breeding sites. Conversion of forest land into waterbodies destroys shelter of Nilgai and other animals in the wetland. Now these animals take refuge in Prosopis juliflora plants. There is migration of blackbucks from western part of Tal Chhapar to eastern parts in the night as lack of thick forested patches in the western parts pose them to stray dogs in the night, for safety puposes these animals moves to small thick areas dominated by large trees. The large-scale effects of habitat alteration produced by oil-industry related pollution on the habitat use of four species of freshwater turtles (Pelusios castaneus, Pelusios niger, Pelomedusa subrufa, Trionyx triunguis) were studied in the River Niger Delta, southern Nigeria (West Africa) between 1996 and 2004 was studied by Luca Luiselli, Godfrey C. Akani and E. Politano (2006). Decrease in Carrying Capacity: Carrying capacity of a wetland is a measure of the ecological, hydrological, biochemical processes and its ability to support entire ecosystem and biodiversity.Carrying capacity defines as support to ecosystem of a wetland without damaging productivity of the wetland and habitats within it. Availability, requirement and production of resources to sustain its ecosystem on any wetland is real determinant to describe carrying capacity of the wetland. To assess carrying capacity, a long term study requires over any wetland but there are changes in land use pattern, species of avian fauna, numbers of wildlife and sources of poin based with non point sources of pollution also helps to determine carrying capacity of both wetlands. Guangwei Huang and Masahiko Isobe (2012) developed a method to quantify the carrying capacity of a water body with regard to massive waterfowl was developed through the study of five wetlands that are used as the wintering ground by a large number of waterfowl in Japan. It takes into consideration water depth, retention time, and in-lake phosphorus concentration. For one of the sites, Sakata Lagoon, which is a registered Ramsar wetland in Japan, the assessment of its carrying capacity suggests that the number of waterfowl should be reduced by half to sustain the water quality of this wetland. Available nutrients in water and soil of Bhindawas wetland indicate carrying capacity of the wetland. This wetland supports vegetation of different types but infestation by water hyacinth destroys other water plants which can not compete with exotic species to survive in the wetland. The situation presents that carrying capacity of wetland has been decreased. Numbers of migratory birds also less than Khaparwas sanctuary which is smaller than Bhindawas wetland also indicate carrying capacity of the research site. Tal Chhapar is a small area, preserving its carrying capacity with limited available natural resources. Open lands has been converted into grassland and some tree patches to support blackbucks in the sanctuary area. Total counts of wildlife and other reptiles are contantly same during study period. Supportive system provided by forest staff like water availability during drought period, purchase of fodder for minor or injured wildlife manages it carrying capacity more or less. Impact on Wildlife: The wildlife face a spread of disease particularly herbivores from outside livestock as these animals moves outside the sanctuary area for fresh and nutritious food like green leaves in kankars (lush green vegetation line to demarcate boundary between villages and major revenue fields). These Blackbuck mixes with domesticated livestock and get infected with disease which are not prone to their co- habited wildlife in the wetland area. Fencing with in wetland obstructed free movement og wildlife of Tal Chhapr. Mid way fencing pose threat to animals as they falls into dig walls or may struck into fenced wires of Forest department. The passing through road, connecting Bikaner with Sujangarh cuases severe loss to wildlife mainly reptiles as well as Blackbucks, Nilgai and Wild Boers. Degradation of the Catchment Area: Capacity of the wetland catchment areas to intercept, process and to store water is influenced by many factors including time and amount of precipitation, land use, vegetation, topographic relief, soil type, temperature and ground water connection. Catchment areas of Tal Chhapar wetland that includes Chhapar, Chadwas, Gopalpura, Rampura, Devani and Surwas villages, in the last ten years the open land has been converted into built up areas. Built up areas means constructions of petrol pumps, roads in the periphery of sanctuary, establishment of a stone qurrying and stone cutting small scale industry and mushrooming of road side dhabas on NH 65. All these activities degarades catchment areas of the wetland which depends on rainfall water and on rivulet channel from Gopalpura hills. But this water pollutes by salt plant which are situated in western parts of Tal Chhapar. Rajasthan government has issued NOC to a big stone qurrying industry in Chadwas village which may disturb ecosystem o f the Tal areas. Bhindawas is surrounded by 12 villages, mostly dominated ny agricultural castes, those practices intensive cultivation that requires heavy fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides and water consuming put pressure of these polluters in nearby areas of the lake. Due to leaching of water and salinisation of waterlogged areas outside the embankments mixing of residues of pesticides and urea is going on. All these practices degrades catchment areas as well as wetland areas and pressure on wetland ecosystem. Sometimes blackbukcs and peopcocks go out of wetland for their food and consume pesticide infested crops and that cause their death. Land Conversion: Open land has been converted into built up areas in the catchment areas of Tal Chhapar. Main cause of this conversion is developmental activities in the area. Construction of road from Rampura to Surwas via Devani has done, land of Forest department was taken for this purpose, this land was under buffer zone area in the southern part of the Tal. This small land conversion for the road allows heavy trucks to carry mud qurries, stone from Gopalpura area and salt from the vicinity of sanctuary. These heavy trucks kill blackbucks while they comes from fields or goes at the time of road crossing. Snakes, lizard particulary spiny tailed which has medicinal as well as ecological value smashed under loaded heavy vechiles on Bikaner- Sujangarh road and Rampura – Surwas road. Some grassland was taken by Prosopis juliflora plants but now these plants have been removed from those areas. Bhindawas wetland does not face land conversion from its land area but with in wetland there is change in land use pattern which is also harmful. Forestland occupied by waterbodies and grassland while waterbodies converted into grassland. This type of land conversion directly affects migratory bird as it swallow small patches of land, a breeding and basking site. Wetland Exploitation: Wetlands in semi – arid or arid area are those ecozones which offer good ecological conditions with high productive potentials and divergent conditions to exploit. Since civilizations wetlands uses by man for their needs either in the form of food or clothes. Exploitation of wetlands passes through different stages from Early Neolithic period. Man uses wetlands from subsistence food gathering to exploitative axing of trees to make big ships. These wetlands are considered as excellent bases for exploitation from fishing to high end products in the international market. Nature and intensity of wetland exploitation depends on its location and richness in biodiversity. Apart from agricultural exploitation, early medieval wetlands may have provided important additional resources of fish, shellfish, and waterfowl, their abundance mainly dependent on the primary productivity (e.g. Prummel 1983). In addition, the importance of salt production in coastal and estuarine areas is well att ested. (e.g. Besteman1 974;Adshead 1992). Tal Chhapar wetland was used by local people for grazing their small animals before its taken over by the Rajasthan government. After completion of fencing work, local people take other alternates for their fuelwood and grazing of small animals. Some people took Spiny tailed lizard from the sanctuary area for their valuable oil but forest department put an end on all this type activities. Bhindawas wetland was constructed after repetition of floods and construction of Jawahar Lal Nehru canal in Haryana. This wetland was notified as a protected forest area by Haryana government to store flood water oor excess water during Monsoon time. People exploitate Bhindawas wetland for grazing animals including cow, buffalos, sheep and goats. These people take fuelwood for their homes. Sometime farmers extract water for their crops. Bhindawas and Tal Chhapar wetland are International Bird Area (IBA) sited for bird watching, mainly migratory birds. Hunting/ Poaching: The primary association between hunters and wetland environments was clearly linked with hunting till Nineteenth century but it is still prevalent in developing countries. Some tribes in Indian states earn their livelihood from hunting in wetland areas. But Indian government banned hunting and other activities associated with it. But there are some tribes in Rajasthan state and few notorious communities are living near the wetland areas in Haryana. Tal Chhapar area is dominting by animal worshiping communities, so there is rare chance of hunting or poaching happens in Tal or any adjoing areas. Bilochpura is a near by village to Bhindawas wetland. Some persons engaged in hunting but these people perform their hunting activity during night time only.

Air India †the Virgin Airways Saga Essay

In December 1999, India’s national carrier, Air India (A-I) signed an agreement with Virgin Atlantic Airways1 (VA) by which VA would fly three flights on the Delhi-London route on a code-sharing2 basis with A-I. This was hailed as a significant development for the ailing A-I. The code sharing arrangement was expected to trigger off a price war in the Delhi-London route where British Airways (BA) was a dominant player. According to the agreement, VA would fly three more flights a week on this route by 2001. In July 2000, VA started off with two flights a week on Thursdays and Saturdays from Delhi. It planned to have a third flight by October 2000. However, till late 2001, VA was still flying two flights. A-I did not seem ready to allow VA fly the third flight because A-I too had a flight from Delhi on Monday, the day VA wanted to fly from Delhi. Meanwhile, the Government of India (GoI) granted rights to BA to fly three more flights per week from Kolkata to London. This was in violation of the bilateral pact signed between Britain and India according to which BA and A-I were allowed to fly 16 flights a week to each other’s country. BA was already flying 16 flights a week-seven from Delhi, seven from Mumbai and two from Chennai. In late 2001, VA was severely affected by the downturn in the global aviation industry. VA was finding it difficult to sustain its operations in India with only two flights a week. VA had made it clear that unless it was allowed to increase the frequency to three, its exit from India would be a distinct possibility. Background Note A-I was registered as Air India International in 1948. Later in 1962, the word ‘International’ was dropped and from March 1994, the airline began functioning as Air-India Limited. In 2000, A-I’s network covered 44 destinations (Refer Exhibit I). In addition, A-I had a code sharing arrangement with a number of foreign airlines. These included Air France, Swiss Air, Bellview Airlines, Austrian Airlines, Asiana Airlines, Scandinavian Airlines, Singapore Airlines, Aeroflot, Air Mauritius, Kuwait Airways and Emirates. In the late 1990s, as part of its disinvestment rogramme, the GoI decided to divest 40% stake in A-I and began looking for a strategic partner. The strategic partner would take up 40% stake with only a 26% cap to foreign airlines. Ever since it began operations in 1984, VA focused on international routes. After the airlines maiden flight, from London’s Gatwick airport to Newark on the outskirts of New York, Richard Branson3 added several lucrative routes to his kitty. Till 1999, VA’s route network in the Asian region included Heathrow-Tokyo-Heathrow, Heathrow-Hong Kong-Heathrow and Heathrow-Shanghai-Heathrow. The airline had code-share agreements with Continental Airlines, Malaysian Airlines, and British Midland. In |the late 1990s, Branson was targeting the lucrative Delhi-London route. Every year an estimated 0. 3 million passengers traveled from Delhi to London, which was nearly 40 per cent of the total outbound traffic from India. The only available direct route codes were held by BA and A-I. As a result passengers were forced to take circuitous routes |offered by airlines like Emirates and Royal Jordanian which made them wait for hours at distant airports. Branson’s efforts to woo A-I started in 1997. He said, â€Å"Air-India was once famous for its service and I’d like to think that as well as competing with Air-India we can share with it our experience of making Virgin Atlantic the success it is today. † Analysts felt that A-I would learn from VA’s innovation in hospitality. VA was the first airline to offer a TV monitor with every seat (in every class). It offered in-flight beauty therapy including the services of masseurs, ice-cream cones during in-flight movies and a chauffeured motorcycle service to airports. Also in the offing were email and Internet services. Upper class passengers were provided laptop power leads with every seat, and headsets to reduce noise in the cabin. Besides commercial cooperation on cargo services, yield management, and product development, the arrangement with Branson would give AI’s staffers access to cabin crew training. However, analysts felt that once VA started its operations, it would be an all-out fight to lure passengers and AI would be the worst sufferer. As VA promised to offer tickets at 15 per cent less than BA, a Delhi-London VA ticket would be cheaper than A-I’s. The Deal In 1999, the ministry of civil aviation said that it was willing to consider an agreement between VA and A-I that would benefit both carriers. The agreement was to include a code-sharing arrangement or sharing of A-I flight quotas. The entry of VA on the London-India routes was likely to bring down the fares on the sector. In December 1999, VA signed an agreement with A-I to fly three services a week on a code share basis between Delhi and London from July 2000. The arrangement with A-I was for five years and apart from the initial three flights a week, frequencies, it had agreed to give away the remaining three to V-I by 2001. VA and A-I would share seats on each other’s routes and VA would operate flights to the UK on routes not covered by A-I. VA would also fly on days that were not flown by A-I. Under the terms of the agreement, flights would carry both VA and A-I flight numbers, and both airlines would sell seats on those services in competition with one another. Said Branson, â€Å"Launching flights between the UK and India has always been an ambition of mine. It is a very potent route and currently I see a lack of capacity on this route, which has decreased tourist flow between the two countries. I think between the two airlines – Air-India and Virgin – we will be able to improve the route. † According to some analysts, the GoI was interested in forging an alliance with VA because of the group’s interests in entertainment, music telecom, insurance and financial services. Branson had raised hopes of further investments in publishing, holiday homes and telecom. He said, â€Å"This is just the beginning. We will study the Indian market and see what business is best suited for the market and for us and proceed accordingly. We will see where we can make a difference. A-I had been in the red for a long time and was hoping that the VA venture would improve its bottomline. Said Branson, â€Å"We are paying a significant amount to A-I under the code-sharing agreement, though I would not like to reveal the amount. Let me assure you: Air-India can make a few millions. † However, Air India officials felt that more than the financial gains, it was the pa rtnership that mattered and the move would bring in fresh traffic to the country. Besides traffic, VA’s arrival could also mean reductio in airfares. Said Branson, â€Å"Our upper class and premium class as we call them are as competitively priced as the first class and business class fares of other airlines respectively. Except, of course, we give more services such as limousines, manicure, beauty treatment, etc, to every passenger on board. As for our economy class, our priority is to fly it houseful and hence the pricing is whatever it takes to get the customer. Hence, since we will be competing with Air-India too despite this agreement, the pricing and services will be competitive. † VA’s arrival was also expected to improve A-I’s services and even bring about a reduction in the fares depending on the market conditions. Said M. P. Mascarenhas, the then Managing Director of A-I, â€Å"We will have to compete and hence we will have to perform, even if it means fare reduction. † Analysts felt that a possible fare reduction would have an adverse effect on the bottomline of A-I. Responded Mascarenhas, â€Å"I don’t think it would because it would increase traffic and improve the overall situation. You see, now, between the two airlines, there will be services all days of the week. Analysts felt that with the AI-VA code sharing agreement, other carriers such as Thai Airways and Cathay-Pacific, which were asking for more flights, would pressurize the GoI for code-share arrangements with AI in lieu of more flights. Who will Rule the Delhi-London Skies? Analysts felt that with the entry of VA, the Indian skies would see some fierce price wars between VA and BA. Branson said that VA’s first class fares would be equivalent to the business class fares of BA and that the economy fare would be 30-50% cheaper than BA’s. If BA brought down ticket prices as it had done in May 2000, VA would fly for less, Branson said. Since BA had proposed a fare of about Rs 27,000 on the Delhi-London sector, Branson said VA would file an application with the GoI for a lower fare. At the same time, VA would respect the Government’s sentiments on fares, since it was a regulated market, Branson said. In June 2000, VA announced that it would start its operations in India in July with a bi-weekly service-Wednesdays and Fridays from London and Thursdays and Saturdays from Delhi. VA planned to launch a third weekly flight around October. The airline would offer low introductory fares. Mackenzie Grant, VA’s general manager for India said the initial fare was still being worked out and that it would be difficult to give a comparison with competing airlines. Analysts felt that VA would give BA some stiff competition, not only in terms of fares, but also with its array of services such as sleeper seats, massage services and lounge facilities. Said one, â€Å"Virgin’s entry will certainly be a boost to services between India and Europe. The airline has a high quality product. † Branson promised VA fare would be extremely competitive. Analysts felt that competitive pricing would mean that VA would price its Delhi-London flight for less than Rs 25,000, which was approximately the A-I fare. A-I feared there would be an exodus of its already dwindling passenger list. Meanwhile, BA was bracing itself to meet the VA challenge on the Delhi-London sector. The airline announced direct daily services between London and Delhi from October 30, thereby increasing capacity by 25 per cent on this sector. For this, the airline suspended its twice weekly service to Calcutta and terminated its five times-a- week service from Delhi to Dhaka from October 30. The changes were made as part of a renewed bilateral agreement between UK and India signed in February 2000. On July 5, 2000, VA dropped a bombshell. It slashed its introductory airfare from the normal Rs 42,598 to Rs 31,000 for a return ticket on the busy London-Delhi route. But just before VA’s entry into Indian airspace, BA also announced a special economy-class fare: a Rs 27,635 round trip ticket. According to analysts, consumers were at last getting the benefits of a liberalised competitive sector. In July 2000, BA won the right to three more flights per week between India and Britain, drawing an immediate protest from VA. According to BA’s South Asia manager Alan Briggs, under a special arrangement outside a bilateral aviation agreement, the GoI had given BA permission to fly three times a week to the eastern city of Calcutta. Under the bilateral pact, which was renewed in February 2000, BA and A-I were each allowed to fly 16 times a week to each other’s home country. A-I used 10 of its 16 weekly flight entitlements on the route. BA used all 16 of its flight entitlements, with seven flights a week to Delhi, seven to Mumbai and two to Madras. BA had been lobbying since 1993 to increase the number of its flights to India. The End of the Honeymoon? By October 2000, VA was to start its third code share flight as per the agreement with A-I. In addition to the Rs 100 million per flight per annum that A-I got from VA, the third flight would fetch A-I Rs 300 million per annum. However, till late 2001, VA was flying only two flights a week. Also, there was no progress on the remaining three flights that VA was entitled to fly from 2001. This seemed to the bone of contention between VA and A-I. VA officials were particularly unhappy that BA was granted rights to fly three additional flights per week from Kolkata to London against the prevailing norms. What seemed particularly strange was that there was no commercial agreement or code share for any of these additional frequencies. Commenting on the GoI’s interest in BA, a leading business magazine in India wrote, â€Å"The needle of suspicion automatically points to vested interests in the ministry and their sudden penchant for BA. â€Å"5 By December 2000, it became clear that VA would have to wait a bit longer for final clearance from A-I to commence the third code-share |flight on the India-London sector. While VA officials claimed that they would start the third code-share flight within a reasonable period of time following clearances from Indian authorities, A-I officials said that nothing was in the offing as yet. Said a VA official, â€Å"The ball is in the court of A-I and the Indian Government. The day we get the permission, we will start the service in a reasonable time period, which will allow us to relocate aircraft and crew to commence the third flight. Further, the airline will be only too happy to serve other destinations in India. † Some analysts said that while VA was keen to operate the third flight on Sundays from London with a Monday departure from Delhi, A-I was opposed to as the Indian carrier also had a Delhi to London flight on Monday morning. VA was willing to schedule its flight at 2 p. m. in the afternoon, ensuring a gap of more than 6 hours between its flight and A-I’s London flight. But this was not acceptable to A-I, which pointed out that according to the agreement signed between VA, and A-I, VA was to operate flights only on those days when A-I did not operate services to London. A VA official said that the delay in granting permission to VA to operate the third flight on the sector was proving to be financially disastrous for A-I. However, despite these problems, VA said it was interested in code sharing with A-I to other cities such as Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad. In late 2001, VA was in some trouble because of the downturn in the transatlantic aviation business and shrinking revenues. VA announced 20 per cent reduction in operations, grounded five of its aircraft and pruned the workforce by 1200 to tide over one of the worst crises for the international aviation business in the aftermath of the US attacks6. Having already announced 20 per cent reduction of activities, the airline seemed unable to sustain its operations in India with just two |flights a week. Said Paul Smitton, general manager-India, VA, â€Å"Two flights each from Delhi is not a viable proposition in the long run. At least three or more flights makes the business viable as it would enable us to get more traffic and meet economies of scale from our operations here. † He added, â€Å"No airline can sustain loss making regions for long. And this time round, we will wait for just months and not |years before taking a decision. † Analysts felt that VA was likely to review its strategy for its fledgling unprofitable Indian operations. |During its short stay in India, VA had already notched up losses on the Delhi-London sector and industry sources ruled out the chances of VA breaking even unless the frequency increased from the current level. VA officials have indicated to the GoI that VA may have to pull out of India if the frequency of operations was not increased. VA informed the GoI that it had agreed to provide A-I with income worth Rs 100 million per annum for each flight on the basis of the understanding that a third frequency would be allowed on schedule. VA also said that it had hired Indian crew for three flights and spent on publicity, as it was confident its frequency would be increased. It informed the GoI that it would have to pull out of India if the third flight was not cleared. In October 2001, the GoI ordered a full review of the code-sharing pact. What remained to be seen was whether the much-hyped I-A-VA alliance would be sustainable in the long run