The Countercultures of the 1960’s and 2000’s

The Sixties has distinguished itself as a decade that saw great cultural and political upheavals. The movements of the Sixties were struggling against the most problematic and difficult issues of post-war world — racism and poverty, dehumanization in the developed world due to technology, and Third World liberation (Morgan 4). By the 1960s, the ghetto communities of California became overly poor, overly policed, and extremely resentful. This tension between a racist and repressive police force led to civil disturbance and unrest in the United States.Growing unrest led to the rise of the civil rights movements such as the Black Panthers in Oakland, the Black Berets (Chicano) in San Jose, and the Brown Berets in Los Angeles. In an effort to divert or destroy growing movements for social change, the government infiltrated most civil rights and community activist groups, precipitating their demise or diminishing their influence (Rodriguez 12). In the fall of 1966, two young black militants, Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black Panther Party in Oakland, California.They wanted to have African-American history courses taught in the college as well as the employment of additional black teachers but soon evolved in response to a survey of the community to include a ten-point platform which called for â€Å"Land, Bread, Housing, Education, Clothing, Justice and Peace. † This basic ideology has been flexible enough to be adapted to meet the needs of all those who conceptualized the Black Nationalist struggle as one of both race and class (Harris 162). The Brown Berets was an organization who initially led the cultural awareness and social-political activism in the 1960’s for the young Hispanics.They were a new generation of Mexican students characterized by increasing militancy over continuing inequity in education and inequality in economic opportunity. However, the Brown Beret’s resistance to police harassment, coupled with their military idolatry and political romanticism caused the organization to degenerate into militant violence and, gradually, to alienate the Mexican community and its youth altogether (Alfieri 1569). In the late 1960’s, a group was formed calling for a new gay radicalism. It was called the Gay Liberation Front which aimed to fight the cultural homophobia alongside racism, sexism, and militarism.It was formed after the Stonewall Riots which started with the raid on a gay bar. The police was met with much resistance and shouts of â€Å"Gay Power! † The movement aimed to free sexuality, transform the family as an institution, end anti-queer violence, and develop a new vocabulary for the erotic (Shepard 49). The 1960’s also saw the rise of rock music and alongside it, the movement known as the counterculture emerged. America’s youth was vulnerable to the messages of rock music's sounds. From this emerged a group called the hippie.â€Å"Hippie† meant differ ent things to the older and younger generations. According to Terry Anderson in The Movement and the Sixties (1996): Parents usually stated that hippies included everyone revolting against something, or simply revolting to them, and mainstream journalists simply labeled them â€Å"dirty, costumed protesters† who had long hair, smelled, and smoked dope. Marijuana was the â€Å"staple of hippiedom,† declared Time, â€Å"L. S. D. its caviar,† and Nicholas von Hoffman added, â€Å"if the word means anything, it means a hippie is a dope dealer.† At the end of the decade a journalist summed up the older generations' level of knowledge of the counterculture when he gave his peers advise on how to spot a hippie: â€Å"Well, hippies look like hippies† (243). The hippies promote a bloodless revolution of young urbanites, who, although they protest against much in society, are non-violent protesters, and who symbolize their attempt to overthrow western values by their home-made clothes, their rejection of the distinction between ‘decent' and ‘obscene', their disbelief in political solutions, and their desperate attempt to be ‘folk' (Wilson 195).In the twenty first century, fads and lifestyle are likewise influenced by music and less due to civil activism. It is rooted more on pop culture. Pop started in the underground in the â€Å"subcultural movements of Black youth, White gays or artistic avant-gardes†¦ pop as a way of living means a way of thinking and feeling, of living and also of dying†¦from Jimi Hendrix to Kurt Cobain† (Muggleton & Weinzerl 42).An example is Goth which was initially a musical genre that emerged in the late 70s post punk era and has now evolved into a full-blown sub culture with the introduction of Gothic fashion and imagery movement. A Goth is someone who is usually into the darker side of the world is deep into thought and feeling and often creates or modifies their clothing u sually consisting of mainly black. Tribal designs and religion-related jewelry are common, such as crucifixes and pentagrams (Muggleton & Weinzerl 290).Then there is hip-hop, a sub-culture or lifestyle which started as a name for the four elements of the late 70's New York City renaissance which includes break dancing, emceeing, (rapping) graffiti, and turntablism. We see its proponents wear loose pants and shirts for men, tight pants and shirts for women and bling-blings. Music and dance has also created an identity and a sense of belonging within the clubbing crowd called rave technotribalism. They are dress upped for parties and clubs.In contrast, we have the Gen X who feel politically dispossessed and express their agitation in the name of democracy, environment, fair trade and other societal issues who dress up in jeans and shirts and carrying back packs (Muggleton & Weinzerl 68-69). Works Cited Alfieri, Anthony V. â€Å"Racism on Trial: The Chicano Fight for Justice. † Duke Law Journal. 53. 5. (2004). 1569+. Anderson, Terry H. The Movement and the Sixties. New York: Oxford UP, 1996. Harris, Jessica Christina. â€Å"Revolutionary Black Nationalism: The Black Panther Party. † The Journal of Negro History.85. 3. (2000). 162. Morgan, Edward P. The 60s Experience: Hard Lessons about Modern America. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1991. Muggleton, David & Weinzierl, Rupert (eds. ) The Post-Subcultures. New York: Berg, 2003. Rodriguez, Luis. â€Å"The End of the Line: California Gangs and the Promise of Street Peace. † Social Justice. 32. 3. (2005). 12-16. Shepard, Benjamin H. â€Å"The Queer/Gay Assimilationist Split: The Suits vs. the Sluts. † Monthly Review. 53. 1. (May 2001). 49. Wilson, Bryan. The Youth Culture and the Universities. London: Faber, 1970.

The Secret River Essay

Belonging occurs when individuals understand the people and the world around them. How is this evident in two of the texts you have studied? Belonging, that is, the connection an individual feels to the world he or she inhabits often comes down to the specific factors and forces that shape their experience. In the text The Secret River, author Kate Grenville illuminates a number of key issues in regard to belonging, none of these more poignant that place, location and locus often functions as a key determinant of belonging. This concept of belonging is also highlighted in Shaun Tan’s pictorial narrative, The Arrival, in which the importance of home and family and the sense of harmony and happiness that comes with understanding relationships with the people we love. The determinants of belonging vary depending on an individual and their views and experiences; ones sense of belonging may come down to who they are with without the location being a factor, where they are located and the physical environmental features and one’s culture and traditions. These varying determinants of ones belonging are represented in The Secret River and The Arrival in which each protagonist has different approaches to their ideal conclusion of belonging. Australian author Kate Grenville’s 2005 novel, The Secret River, explores the concept that place and geographical context and circumstance will often play a key role in determining one’s belonging. The opening pages of the novel introduce William Thornhill, a convict, transported to New South Wales in the year 1806. Thornhill’s journey tells of the great physical distance that now separates Thornhill from the warm familiarity of life at home in London; Thornhill’s new world is foreign, inhospitable place, disorientating in its otherness, and becomes a metonym for the great yearning Thornhill now has for his erstwhile life in England. To express this idea of one’s understanding and connectedness with their world being a determinant to their sense of belonging, Grenville uses a number of techniques such as hyperbole and simile. Grenville’s third person narrator describes the Alexander, Thornhill’s ship, as having â€Å"fetched up at the end of the Earth. This hyperbole creates an image unassailable distance, of diametric extremity and in so doing dramatizes the concept of distance which, in turn, comes to represent Thornhill’s alienation from the world he knows and loves. Grenville uses figurative language to bring into focus her main character William Thornhill’s attachment t, and ultimate dislocation from the two places he calls home: A New South Wales penal colony, and London. London and the themes are represented in the simile, â€Å"as intimate to him as breathing. In this case, the simile takes the idea of breathing which is both natural to us and essential to our being. This idea of intimacy then extends to Thornhill’s essential attachment to home and his understanding and recognition of its world. Like breathing itself, Thornhill’s London life is a giving force. When it comes to describing Thornhill’s antipathy to his new life in New South Wales, Grenville’s simile describes a disconnect, a non-relationship. Whereas Thornhill is closely familiar with the London night sky in his new life the stars are â€Å"meaningless as spilt rice†. This simile neatly captures Thornhill’s disorientation. The image of â€Å"split rice† suggests something both random and accidental. This reflects his emotive alienation of moving and not belonging in his new world. The idea that one must understand and be familiar with their environment and its individual traits that are only recognisable and known if you have a personal sense of belonging to our world. One of the main ideas that emerges In Shaun Tan’s, The Arrival is that belonging is often influenced and shaped by family and the personal intimacies family offers. Tan develops this theme through the use of a number of specific visual devices. In chapter one of the narrative Tan describes a situation where the husband of the family unit must leave his family for another, distant nation. Tan stresses the significance of family through the use of vectoring and shot size. Tan presents a close up shot of the father-daughter hand clasp emphasising not only the physical bond that unites the family but the emotional connectedness they share. The hand clasp is effectively a metaphor for connectedness and the close up emphasises the significance of family. In addition to this Tan uses vectoring. Strong vectors direct the reader to the hand clasp which is positioned precisely at the centre of the page; this central placement of the image then becomes a metonym for the central significance and place of family in the fathers life: To further accentuate the significance of family in determining belonging, Tan again employs shot size in a subsequent image, the hand clasp is replaced by a broken hand-clasp, the close up and the tiny interstice that now separates the hands becomes a key signifier of the separation the ather must now endure. The belonging once evident in the intimacy of the hand clasp is replaced with the separation and the emptiness of the broken embrace. As a final and consolidating reminder of the fathers separation from family, Tan uses and extreme close long shot of the father’s departing train. the train is a remote presence on the horizon, the horizon itself a symbol of distance. The warmer physicality of earlier imagery is now replaced with the distant train, visible more as a puff of soon to be extinct smoke on the horizon- thus the once tangible presence of the family is replaced with the immaterial image of a train quickly travelling past the sight of the eye. The contrast demonstrates the obvious way in which the understanding family members have with each other results in a strong sense of belonging. Once separation takes place- belonging itself starts to fade, and an individual must than consider the effects of alienation and unfamiliarity. Belonging, that is, the connection an individual feels to the world he or she inhabits often comes down to the specific factors that shape their experience. One’s world is made up of their individual cultures, location, experiences, familiarity, relationships and environments. This idea is represented in The Arrival and The Secret River, in which each protagonist’s sense of belonging comes down to several of these factors of belonging. For some, time will result in a once unknown and alienated sense or place, to a comfortable and evolving feeling inhabited by an individual, and for others, belonging is concrete mindset in which they need to experience the sense of belonging.

Statistical Significance and Homemade Shampoo

A Study on Gugo and Okra as Homemade Shampoo A Research Done by: Francine Faye A. Jumaquio Majaline Faye A. Tolentino Romer T. Nepumoceno Talavera National High School Talavera Nueva Ecija A Study on Gugo and Okra as a Homemade Shampoo Claudine M. Lajara I-Rosal Introduction This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a homemade shampoo out of the native Gugo, scientific name Entada phaseuoliodes and Okra, scientific name Abelomoschus Esculentus L. in making different type of hair stronger. Four phases were done: Phase 1, the control treatment; Phase 2, homemade shampoo compared to control treatment; Phase 3, homemade shampoo compared to varied concentration of gugo and okra; and Phase 4, where the acceptability of the homemade shampoo was determine in terms of smoothness, softness, and manageability. Statement of the Problem: Specifically, the researchers aimed to answer the following questions: 1. Can gugo and okra be used as raw material in making shampoo? 2. How effective are gugo and okra on the tensile strength of the hair? 3. Which treatment is more effective – treatments with greater concentration of okra han gugo or more gugo than okra? Procedure A. Preparation of Materials About 10,000 hair strands were gathered from four respondents having different types of hair, (normal, and dry, ethnic, curly). In each type of hair, 2020 strands were used: 240 strands for water, okra, 10 percent gugo, and 100 percent gugo; 240 strands for seven brands of shampoo; 12 0 strands for gugo and okra; and 600 strands for 10 treatments with varied concentration of okra and gugo. Five hundred grams of gugo bark were boiled in 70 ml of water for 30 minutes, and strained to extract the juice. The decoction was placed in a clean bottle. To prepare okra decoction, 200 grams of okra fruits were boiled in 200 ml tap water for10 minutes. The cooked okra was masked for extraction and decoction was strained for the preparation of solution. The homemade shampoo was prepared from 50 ml gugo decoction and 50 ml okra decoction. A 58ml coconut oil was added to the mixture and placed in an earthen pot. It was heated for 5 minutes and placed in a clean bottle. The homemade shampoo was then prepared into two setups: setup A and setup B. The treatment involves four type of hair (normal, dry, ethnic, curly). Setup A Treatment |Gugo (ml) |Okra (ml) | |1 |50 |50 | |2 |40 |60 | |3 |30 |70 | |4 |20 |80 | |5 |10 |90 | Setup B Treatment |Gugo (ml) |Okra (ml) | |1 |50 |50 | |2 |60 |40 | |3 |70 |30 | |4 |80 |20 | |5 |90 |10 | B. Soaking Process and Determination of the Hair Strength In phase 1, four treatments were prepared: †¢ Treatment 1: water, †¢ Treatment 2: Okra , †¢ Treatment 3: 10 percent gugo, †¢ Treatment 4: 100 percent gugo. These are the control treatments. Six bowls were prepared and labeled as 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 minute, respectively. Sixty strands of normal hair were used and divided into 10 strands. The hair strands were simultaneously soaked in the respective bowls with 100 ml tap water and were removed when the time allotted for each bowl had elapsed. Then they were rinsed separately. They were placed in clean sheets of paper labeled according to the length of time they were soaked, (such as T1- water: 5 minutes; T2 – water: 10 minutes; and so on). The bowl used from the first treatment was washed thoroughly and were used again for the other treatments. The process was repeated for treatments 2, 3, 4. To determine the strength of the hair strands, a spring scale was used and five trials were done. From the 10 strands of normal hair, 5 strands from Treatment were tested. The hair strands were tied up to the spring scale at one end. A 15 cm length of the hair strands were maintained between the spring scale and the weight. The weight was pull until the hair snaps. The amount of force in Newton (I Newton = 100 grams) registered on the spring scale prior to the breaking of the hair was recorded and the average result from the five trial was computed. The process was repeated for treatments 2, 3, 4. Also the same process was done for ethnic, dry, and curly hair. In the second phase, 480 strands from four hair types were used. Out 480 strands, 120 strands of the hair were prepared for trial 1 and trial 2, using the homemade shampoo (gugo and okra). The same procedure ion phase 1 was done for these treatments. In the third phase, 2,400 strands of hair were prepared from the four types of hair. Out of 2,400 strands, 1,200 strands were used in setup A and another 1,200 in set up B. Each set up has 5 treatments and 60 hair strands were divided into ten, and each 10 were soaked separately in six bowls labeled 5, 10, 15, 22, 25, and 3 minutes, respectively. The same procedure from the previous phases was done to determine the hair strength. In the 4th phase, 20 female respondents, who had normal and dry hair were asked to apply Treatment 1 in setup A: 10 percent gugo + 90 percent okra. Most of their hairs were equal in length. The respondents treated their hair one by one. They wet their hair first and 20ml of this treatment was applied to the entire crown and was massaged on the scalp. After 1 min. , the hair was rinsed thoroughly with tap water. A clean towel was used to dry and comb their hair slowly. After 1 hour, the effect on the hair was observed using 1 to 4 scales. The following scales were used: |A. Softness |B. Smoothness |C. Manageability | |1 – slightly soft |1 – slightly smooth |1 – slightly manageable | |2 – fairly soft |2 – fairly smooth |2 – fairly manageable | |3 – soft |3 – smooth |3 – manageable | |4 – very soft |4 – very smooth |4 – very manageable | After having applied and observed the effects of treatment 1; treatments with 90% gugo + 10 % okra were used by the same respondents with the same procedure as of Set up A. Results, Discussion and Conclusion Phase 1: Significant comparison on the hair strength among the control treatments: There was no significant difference on the hair strength, considering the different types of hair. However, the longer the longer the time each type of hair was soaked, the greater the hair strength. Among the four treatments in this phase, the hair strength when soaked in 10 %gugo, were the strongest while water was the weakest. Phase 2: Significant comparison between homemade shampoo and control treatment: Normal hair was significantly strongest compared to curly, dry and ethnic. Among the control treatment, hair strength was the strongest when soaked in treatment three: 10% gugo. Treatment 1: water was registered the weakest. It was also observed that as the soaking time increased, the hair strength also increased. Phase 3: Significant comparison among homemade shampoo, control treatment, Setup A and Setup B: Normal hair was significantly stronger, curly hair was the weakest, while dry and ethnic hair were almost comparable to each other. 10% gugo registered the strongest hair strength, followed by okra, then okra and gugo. Together, these three treatments were significantly different from all other treatment. The longer the soaking time, the stronger the hair strength. Phase 4: Acceptability of treatments. For normal hair, the two treatments showed no significant differences in terms of smoothness, softness and manageability. The 90% gugo+ 10%okra treatment was fairly manageable and the 10% gugo + 90% okra treatment was manageable. For dry hair, the two treatments showed no significant difference in terms of smoothness, softness. But there was a significant difference of manageability at 0. 5 probability level. Recommendations Based on the findings, the researcher recommends the following: 1. Use okra as raw material for making shampoo; 2. Further study of the properties of the homemade shampoo to establish the effect on hair; 3. Follow-up research must be conducted on the acceptability for other types of hair; 4. This research would provide information to those who are interested in the production of this product. Bibliography Jumaquio, Francine Faye A. , et. al. , â€Å"A Feasibility Study of Gugo and Okra as Homemade Shampoo†.

Distinguish between the money and capital markets Essay

Distinguish between the money and capital markets - Essay Example Money markets encompass a broad assortment of institutions and procedures that are related to and transact in short-term debt instruments (which have maturity periods of less than a year). These instruments are usually issued by borrowers that boast of high credit ratings. Good examples of instruments traded in money markets are U.S. Treasury bills, many federal agency securities, bankers’ acceptances, commercial paper and negotiable certificates of deposit. Common equities or shares of publically traded companies do not come under the money market. One of the distinguishing features of money market is that it is an intangible market, for most of the transactions are carried out through electronic network systems. Further, â€Å"the money market is designed for the making short-term loans where individuals and institutions with temporary surpluses of funds meet borrowers who have temporary cash shortages. One of the principal functions of the money market is to finance the wo rking-capital needs of corporations and to provide governments with short-term funds in lieu of tax collections. The money market also supplies funds for speculative buying of securities and commodities.† (www.thefutureofmoney.blogspot.com, 2009)

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 17

Project Management - Essay Example This event hoped to raise money for charity, will include many kinds of sporting activities including skiing, darting, water rowing, table tennis and somersaulting among others. The recruitment exercise for participants in each category will be done in good time and communicated to the entire community. Members of Grand Sunrise area will be requested to turn up for this great event. This year’s competitions are more than the ordinary since activities have been sponsored to 1200 Pounds enable more participation and contribution to the event. The event dubbed ‘run 360’ to take place on 15 July 2012 is aimed at making the participants complete a circle of every event performed. The participants will be awarded according to the performance. To make the sport lively, a live music band will be invited to grace the occasion and entertain guests while preparations to begin kicks off. The music band will be members of the oxygen band who happen to be from grand sunrise area. Upon completion of the event the patron will reward the winners and give a closing speech. The patron will also be expected to give an expenditure brief of what was raised, used and the balance which will be used to fund a project for the mentally challenged in Lower Norwich rehabilitation facility. The competition ‘run 360’ is expected to draw about 65 participants and about 800 spectators. Since the onset to the sporting activities, the youth have been upbeat and happy that their holidays are well spent and are taking it to the next level by not only participating but also making a contribution to charity of their choice. The schools management and government education department have regularly advised parents and guardians to support and engage their children in sports as a way of promoting teamwork, partnerships and acceptable behavior. The event will be poised to bond the youth, parents and other guests who will attend the event. To

Problem at China Airlines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Problem at China Airlines - Essay Example This paper stresses that CAL has continuously faced different challenges within the Chinese market relating to political, social, economic as well as technological aspects that drastically affected in its overall performance. In accordance with the case study, it has been viewed that the organisation successfully performed its various business operations by offering superior services to the customers in its different operating areas. In this regard, the organisation has adopted an effective strategy during the year 1995 in terms of procuring 15 numbers of advanced Boeing 737 medium-haul jets for expanding its businesses. This essay declares that the political disturbances have been witnessed as one of the major difficulties for CAL while conducting its business operations. The political association between Taiwan and Mainland China has been observed to be quite strained because of the growing disputes concerning political status of Taiwan. The political problems between Taiwan and China have drastically affected the airlines business of CAL because the Chinese tourists are allowed to visit Taiwan in a group but they are not allowed to visit individually. In addition, the cargo transhipment service was also restricted between these two countries that also affected the business operations of CAL at large. Due to political disturbances, CAL and other Taiwanese airlines had changed its international flight route via southern region by connecting Southeast Asia and Middle East countries that ultimately emerged major difficulties for CAL.... In this regard, the organisation has adopted an effective strategy during the year 1995 in terms of procuring 15 numbers of advanced Boeing 737 medium-haul jets for expanding its businesses (Samanta & Faheem, 2010). Question 1) Macro-Level Issues The different macro level issues that faced by CAL can be understood by conducting a detailed environmental analysis based on PEST framework. PEST Analysis PEST analysis is regarded to be an important analytical model for an organization that assists to identify different circumstances concerning social, political, economic as well as technological factors (Lorat, 2009). Political Factors The political disturbances have been witnessed as one of the major difficulties for CAL while conducting its business operations. The political association between Taiwan and Mainland China has been observed to be quite strained because of the growing disputes concerning political status of Taiwan. The political problems between Taiwan and China have drasti cally affected the airlines business of CAL because the Chinese tourists are allowed to visit Taiwan in a group but they are not allowed to visit individually. In addition, the cargo transhipment service was also restricted between these two countries that also affected the business operations of CAL at large. Due to political disturbances, CAL and other Taiwanese airlines had changed its international flight route via southern region by connecting Southeast Asia and Middle East countries that ultimately emerged major difficulties for CAL (Samanta & Faheem, 2010). In this regard, it has apparently observed that the association between Taiwan and China remained quite strained because of the disagreement concerning political

Editing a babysitting biography I wrote Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Editing a babysitting biography I wrote - Essay Example Since childhood, I have had a special liking for the children. Being the elder sister, I have always taken good care of my younger siblings and have been a great helping hand for my mother. I have acquired the degree of Associate in Child Development (CDA). I am certified in CPR & FIRST AID. In the capacity of a certified CDA, I have worked as a Child Care Provider Assistant in a family day care center, where I babysat children for almost 7 years. I am currently doing my Associate Degree in Psychology and will graduate in the winter of 2011. I am quite fluent in English and Spanish. I am an energetic, fun-loving, punctual, reliable and friendly lady who loves and enjoys working with kids and families. I have taken care of infants, toddlers, and pre schoolers. I also have many available references. I used to charge $12-14 an hour depending upon the location in which the service was to be given. The test I have given as a babysitter comprises such activities as preparing, serving meals to the children in an appetizing way and feeding them, bathing and dressing some children while assisting the untrained children in taking bath and dressing up, changing the children’s diapers, planning activities for them and designing curriculums in accordance with the individualistic needs of different age groups. I am a born babysitter. It is not something I have adopted as a profession. It was meant to be like that since my nature has fundamentally been structured that way. I love my profession and am positive that I can take excellent care of children.